Human bone from the bone to see the maintenance of reserves

 Bone mineral density in breast cancer?
See the body from bone to maintain bone mass reserves
, deputy director of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, orthopedic physician Connan
Recently, a news set off a firestorm mm bone mineral density can predict breast cancer risk. This is published in the September 1 Journal of the American Cancer Society women (average age 63 years) a study to assess the women's initial BMD and Gail (Gail) risk model. After that, they mean these women were about 8 years of follow-up survey, which observed the development of women's final into breast cancer. Women with high and low coefficient of Gaelic Gaelic coefficient than women, higher risk of breast cancer 35%. The study also found that total hip bone mineral density T value of each additional unit, to develop into increased risk of breast cancer 25%.
from the results of the study, can make a higher hip bone mineral density, the greater the impression that breast cancer risk, and its conclusions are solid, still need a more level research. But In fact, in orthopedics, bone density is a very common examination.
bone density examination: the BMD tests, is to determine the bone health status of a method of examination can identify osteoporosis, fracture risk prevention and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment. body bone mineral density from multiple sites can be measured, such as the hip,UGG shoes, spine, wrist, heel, etc..
diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis is based on the known patient bone the average density and bone mineral density in normal young people, based on the comparison. bone mineral density in healthy young adults measured data with a standard deviation between the two involved (SD), the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis defined based on bone mineral density level, if T scores in the % of the fracture.
normal: the mean bone mineral density in young people within 1 standard deviation (+1 ~-1SD)
low BMD: bone mineral density is lower than the average 1 to 2.5 young standard deviation (-1 ~-2.5SD)
Osteoporosis: bone mineral density is lower than the average of 2.5 standard deviations young (under-2.5SD)
severe osteoporosis: bone mineral density is lower than the average standard deviation of 2.5 young man, accompanied by one or more osteoporotic fractures.
Clinically, some patients took regular bone mineral density in patients with several different checklist, ask the doctor between the patient's bone mineral density or the comparison of two or three months after treatment of bone mineral density requirements review to see whether there are effective, in fact, these are errors in the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the average bone mineral density in patients with normal contrast. Therefore, the bone Check the comparison can only be vertical density and horizontal comparison is not reliable. for the use of hormones in patients asked to do a bone density examination every six months to understand the extent of bone loss; and for patients to reflect the treatment of osteoporosis, the effect situation, every check it once a year.
by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) 测定 lumbar spine and hip, is the most widely used and more genuine reflection of the need for calcium in the inspection means, and its expression bone is measured per 1 square centimeter on the number of grams of hydroxyapatite, the bone mineral density BMD (g/cm2). and a few drug stores, shopping malls are placed in the single-photon bone mineral density testing, only simple measuring the human wrist bone mineral density, bone mineral density is not fully reflected.
a patient often ask: etiology is unclear. But the study found that breast cancer and breast tissue exposed to estrogen in the relationship between the length of time can not be ignored. postmenopausal women estrogen replacement therapy for a long time, women of childbearing age indiscriminate oral contraceptive steroids the diet of high protein, high fat intake, can cause increased levels of estrogen, prolonged estrogen stimulation of breast epithelium, increasing the risk of breast cancer. So, for postmenopausal women, blind to high-dose estrogen supplement Hormones to prevent osteoporosis is not desirable.
usually around the age of 35, the human body bone mass reaches its highest value in life, when calcium is the body's peak bone mass. mainly by three factors: genetic factors; calcium factor; physical activity status. Thus, osteoporosis in the elderly is not the patent, this silent epidemic is quietly affecting two to three-year-old young women's health. Therefore, modern women should be changing concepts, changing lifestyles, according to the actual circumstances, reasonable arrangements for themselves and their family life, so not too early osteoporosis, The fine structure of bone loose
(Photo Source: JAMA)
then, from the perspective of life, the attention to? In fact, some patients with osteoporosis, personal hobbies are inextricably linked, the common There are several.
1, Kouchong: adding too much salt in food will not only increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but also lead to osteoporosis. the human body through the kidneys as urine sodium routed to the body, will also loss of calcium. drain the body needs more sodium, calcium consumption, the greater will ultimately affect the calcium necessary for healthy bones.
2, coffee and tea: Excessive intake of coffee and tea can lead to osteoporosis. Some studies have found that excessive intake of coffee, significantly increased excretion of calcium, the incidence of hip fracture also increased. In addition, phosphorus cola drinks also fall into this category should avoid excessive intake of .
3, Smoking: Smoking can cause osteoporosis. smoking mainly affects the outer layer of bones is the density of cortical bone, while the most affected is the hip, hip smokers density generally lower than non-smokers more than 5%. It should be stressed is that women susceptible to osteoporosis in the same second-hand smoking.
4, protein intake and more: diet high in animal protein can easily lead to calcium deficiency. This mainly because of sulfur-containing animal protein into the body, the blood will show acid reaction, forcing the body to extract calcium from bones to balance the acidity of blood; Second, the calcium in food after digestion into the small intestine in order to be free calcium absorption, and red meat (pork, lamb, beef, etc.) contains large amounts of phosphate will combine with calcium in the digestive tract, thereby reducing the body to absorb calcium; In addition, red meat is very high in saturated fatty acids, will gastrointestinal tract and calcium, forming insoluble fat,UGG boots clearance, so that the absorption rate of calcium reduction.
5, excessive consumption of chocolate: There is for this reason may be because chocolate contains oxalate, and sugar. oxalate will reduce the intake of calcium, sugar and calcium metabolism is related to the maintenance of healthy calcium and bone will play an important role.
6, alcohol: study found that excessive alcohol consumption can be significantly induced in male osteoporosis. This may be ethanol inhibition of bone formation, while excessive alcohol inhibits intestinal protein intake, reduce the secretion of the male hormone, and low levels of male testosterone can cause osteoporosis.